| Description | This anti-N. atra cytotoxin (CTX) neutralizing antibody (clone S1) specifically recognizes protein component(s) in N. atra venom but not in venom from these five snakes: D. acutus, T. stejnegeri, P. mucrosquamatus, D. russelii formosensis, B. multicinctus. Because of similar protein profiles, antibody S1 cross reacts with N. naja and N. kaouthia venom. |
| Clonality | Monoclonal |
| Host Species | Chicken |
| Target Species | N. atra (NNA) |
| Cross Reactivity | N. naja, N. kaouthia |
| Immunogen | Attenuated CTX |
| Neutralization Mechanism | Block the active domain of CTX and neutralize its toxicity. |
| Function | Basic protein that binds to cell membrane and depolarizes cardiomyocytes. It also shows lytic activities on many other cells, including red blood cells. Interaction with sulfatides in the cell membrane induces pore formation and cell internalization and is responsible for cytotoxicity in cardiomyocytes. It targets the mitochondrial membrane and induces mitochondrial swelling and fragmentation. It binds to the integrin alpha-V/beta-3 (ITGAV/ITGB3) with a moderate affinity and inhibits protein kinases C (PubMed: 8448165). It also binds with high affinity to heparin (PubMed: 17685633). It also causes skeletal muscle necrosis after intramuscular injection into mice (PubMed: 8342169). |
| Isotype | Chicken IgG |
| Expression Species | HEK293F or CHO cell line |
| Conjugation | Unconjugated |
| Purity | >95% |
| Endotoxin | <1 EU/mg |
| Form | Liquid |
| Purification | Protein L purified |
| Sterility | 0.2 μM filtered |
| Formulation | PBS, pH 7.4 |
| Preservation | No preservatives |
| Stabilizer | No stabilizers |
| Storage | Store at 4°C within a week. For longer storage, aliquot and store at -20°C. |
| Application | ELISA; WB; Neut |
| Application Notes | The specificity of anti-CTX scFv S1 toward CTX was analyzed by Western blotting and indirect ELISA. The ability of anti-CTX antibodies to neutralize the CTX-induced cytotoxicity toward C2C12 cells was assessed by LDH assays. |
| ELISA | Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Protocol |
| WB | Western Blot Protocol |
| FC | Flow Cytometry Protocol |
| Target | N. atra CTX |
| Alternative Name | N. atra cytotoxin; Cytotoxin |
| UniProt | P60304 |
| Research Area | Immunology |
| Related Disease | Snakebite |
