Apoptotic Cell Specific Neutra™ Antibody Products

Are you struggling with prolonged drug development timelines or challenges in targeting apoptotic pathways? Creative Biolabs' apoptotic cell-specific Neutra™ antibody products leverage innovative protein engineering and high-throughput validation to enable rapid, reliable detection and functional modulation of apoptotic mechanisms, streamlining therapeutic development.

Introduction to Apoptotic Cells

Apoptotic cells, critical mediators of programmed cell death, play indispensable roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis, development, and immune regulation. Characterized by controlled cellular dismantling, apoptosis prevents inflammatory damage by ensuring orderly cell removal. Dysregulation of this process underlies numerous pathologies, making apoptotic cells a pivotal therapeutic and diagnostic target.

• Basic Information

Apoptosis occurs via intrinsic (mitochondrial) or extrinsic (death receptor) pathways, triggered by DNA damage, stress, or extracellular signals. Key markers include phosphatidylserine externalization, caspase activation, and DNA fragmentation. Apoptotic cells are transient and morphologically distinct, with membrane blebbing and nuclear condensation. Their clearance relies on phagocytic recognition of "eat-me" signals, such as surface-exposed phosphatidylserine.

• Structural Features

Apoptotic cells exhibit structural remodeling to facilitate silent elimination. The plasma membrane flips phosphatidylserine to the outer leaflet, enabling recognition by phagocytes. Internally, activated caspases proteolyze structural proteins, dismantling organelles and chromatin. Apoptotic bodies—micron-sized vesicles encapsulating cellular debris—ensure safe degradation without inflammatory spillage.

• Related Signaling Pathways

The intrinsic pathway hinges on mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins (e.g., Bax, Bak). Cytochrome c release activates caspase-9 via the apoptosome. The extrinsic pathway involves death receptors (e.g., Fas, TNF-R1), initiating caspase-8 activation. Cross-talk between pathways amplifies apoptotic signals, while inhibitors like Bcl-2 and IAPs suppress cell death.

• Pathological Relevance

Aberrant apoptosis contributes to cancer (resistance to cell death), neurodegenerative diseases (excessive neuronal loss), and autoimmune disorders (defective clearance). Conversely, excessive apoptosis exacerbates ischemic injuries (e.g., stroke) and sepsis. Targeting apoptotic cells offers therapeutic opportunities to restore balance in these conditions.

Fig.1 Defective clearance of apoptotic cells leads to inflammatory response and autoimmunity.1

Applications of Apoptotic Cell-Specific Neutralizing Antibodies

• Therapeutic Development in Oncology

Neutralizing antibodies that inhibit anti-phagocytic signals (e.g., CD47) enhance macrophage-mediated elimination of apoptotic cancer cells, synergizing with chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Conversely, blocking pro-apoptotic signals protects healthy cells during treatment.

• Management of Autoimmune Disorders

Autoantibodies targeting phosphatidylserine on apoptotic cells drive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis. Antibodies block pathogenic antibody binding, reducing immune complex formation and tissue damage.

• Neuroprotection and Regenerative Medicine

In neurodegenerative diseases, excessive apoptosis depletes neurons. Caspase-neutralizing antibodies halt neuronal death, while antibodies promoting apoptotic body clearance reduce neuroinflammation.

• Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers

Antibodies specific for apoptotic markers (e.g., cleaved caspase-3) quantify apoptosis in biopsies or liquid biopsies, aiding disease staging and treatment monitoring in cancer or myocardial infarction.

Anti-Apoptotic Cell Antibodies

Neutralizing antibodies against apoptotic cells enable precise modulation of apoptotic pathways. By targeting surface phosphatidylserine or caspases, these antibodies block pathological phagocytosis (e.g., in autoimmune diseases) or enhance clearance of dying cells (e.g., in chronic inflammation). Creative Biolabs' antibodies are engineered for high affinity and specificity, validated in assays detecting early apoptosis (Annexin V binding) or inhibiting pro-inflammatory clearance. Applications include:

- Blocking phosphatidylserine to reduce autoimmune cell uptake.

- Neutralizing caspases to arrest apoptosis in neuroprotective therapies.

- Targeting apoptotic bodies to mitigate metastatic spread.

Creative Biolabs' apoptotic cell-specific Neutra™ antibody products provide researchers and clinicians with rigorously validated tools to dissect and modulate apoptosis. Our antibodies deliver unmatched specificity across functional assays, therapeutic development, and biomarker discovery.

Elevate your research with tailored solutions. Reach out to our scientific team to explore how our antibodies can advance your projects.

REFERENCE

1. Xu, Xuebo, Yueyang Lai, and Zi-Chun Hua. "Apoptosis and apoptotic body: disease message and therapeutic target potentials." Bioscience reports 39.1 (2019): BSR20180992. Distributed under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification. https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20180992