MIF Specific Neutra™ Antibody Products
Product listMacrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a lymphokine that participates in cell-mediated immunity, immunoregulation, and inflammation. In the cytosol, MIF forms a complex with the JAB1 protein near the peripheral plasma membrane, suggesting a potential role in integrin signaling pathways. MIF is associated with diseases such as systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Its Gene ID: 4282, UniProtKB ID: P14174, and OMIM ID: 153620.
MIF Related Pathway
MIF is a ubiquitous protein with cytokine, chaperone, and enzymatic properties. It exerts its biological effects via membrane receptors or intracellular binding partners. On the one hand, MIF binds to its membrane receptor ACKR3 and/or CD74, triggering a phosphorylation cascade through the MAPK and PI3K pathways activation. The downstream consequences of MIF enhance cellular proliferation and survival by inhibiting p53. Additionally, MIF-CXCR2/4 interaction promotes cell migration. On the other hand, in response to oxidative conditions, cytosolic MIF engages with thioredoxin-1, resulting in the internalization of MIF. MIF has been recognized as the primary native antagonist of HTRA1, thereby averting the inhibition of astrocyte migration. Furthermore, Gremlin-1 binds to MIF with high affinity, resulting in MIF-dependent inflammation and cell differentiation.
Fig.1 MIF-mediated signaling pathways.1, 4
MIF Antibodies Applications
- Anti-MIF Antibody Detection of MIF Expression and Receptor Interaction in Human ESCs
To investigate MIF expression and its effects on human embryonic stem cells (ESCs), two ESC lines, H1 and H9, are utilized. MIF and its receptors' expression are assessed through immunofluorescence assay, RT-qPCR, and western blotting using anti-MIF and relevant antibodies. The autocrine level of MIF is quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The interaction between MIF and its primary receptor is examined using co-immunoprecipitation and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Results indicate that the receptor interacting with MIF in human ESCs is CXCR7, with no interaction evidence for CXCR2. In conclusion, MIF is highly expressed in human ESCs along with its associated receptors, suggesting that MIF predominantly functions in an autocrine manner in these cells.
Fig.2 MIF expression in embryonic stem cell lines.2, 3
- Anti-MIF Antibody Reveals Its Role in Hippocampal Development
MIF is a multifunctional cytokine implicated in various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis. Previous research has demonstrated MIF expression in the neocortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, cerebellum, and spinal cord of adult mice. It is produced by astrocytes and activates microglia during neuroinflammation. Further studies have identified MIF in the mossy fibers of dentate granule cells and the apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons in the adult hippocampus. Immunofluorescent detection with anti-MIF antibodies is employed to investigate MIF expression at different stages of hippocampal development. Findings suggest that MIF plays a crucial role in maintaining the characteristics of neural stem cells and promoting neurite outgrowth during hippocampal development.
Fig.3 High expression of MIF in hippocampal mossy fibers of P14 mice.3, 4
Creative Biolabs provides a comprehensive selection of more than 20 intricately engineered antibodies directed against MIF, crafted using cutting-edge recombinant methodologies. Moreover, personalized customization services are accessible for the development of neutralizing antibodies that specifically target MIF, tailored precisely to individual requirements.
REFERENCES
- Song, Shanshan, et al. "Macrophage migration inhibitory factor family proteins are multitasking cytokines in tissue injury." Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 79.2 (2022): 105.
- Wei, Yanzhao, et al. "Human embryonic stem cells secrete macrophage migration inhibitory factor: A novel finding." Plos one 18.8 (2023): e0288281.
- Chai, Xuejun, et al. "Profile of MIF in developing hippocampus: Association with cell proliferation and neurite outgrowth." Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience 13 (2020): 147.
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