GHR Specific Neutra™ Antibody Products

The growth hormone receptor (GHR) is a 638-amino acid homodimeric receptor, characterized by a cytokine receptor homology (CRH) domain, a single-pass transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic intracellular domain (ICD), as illustrated in Fig.1. While GHR is most renowned for its role in regulating growth, it also plays crucial roles in various biological functions, including metabolism regulation and the management of physiological processes in the hepatobiliary, cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, and reproductive systems. Additionally, growth hormone (GH) signaling is a key regulator of aging and significantly influences cancer.

Its Gene ID: 2690, UniProtKB ID: P10912, and OMIM ID: 600946.

Fig.1 The important domain organization of GHR.^{1, 3}

GHR Signal Transduction Pathway

GHR is a class 1 cytokine receptor that exists as a constitutive homodimer, signal transduction occurs through ligand-induced realignment of receptor subunits. When GH binds to GHR, it activates JAK2, which then phosphorylates multiple tyrosine residues on the ICD of GHR. This phosphorylation event initiates GHR signal transduction, triggering multiple signaling pathways, including JAK-STAT, MEK/MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and PLC/DAG/PKC, as depicted in Fig. 2.

Fig.2 The GHR signal transduction.^{2, 3}

GHR Antibodies in Therapeutics

GHRs are ubiquitously distributed throughout the body. Although initially identified in hepatic tissue, GHRs are also present in the liver, bone, kidney, adipose tissue, muscle, eye, brain, heart, and various immune tissues, including B cells, lymphocytes, spleen, and thymus. It is necessary to develop and prepare GH antagonists in situations of excess GH, and these may have applications in malignancies. GHR antagonists have been developed as therapeutic drugs, particularly for treating acromegaly, a chronic disease commonly caused by benign pituitary adenomas and characterized by excess GH. The treatment goal is to reduce GH and IGF-1 levels to normal ranges.

Anti-GHR antibodies, developed as potential GH antagonists, recognize an epitope in the receptor dimerization region of subdomain 2 of the GHR extracellular domain (GHR-ECD). These antibodies have been shown to effectively antagonize GHR signaling both in vitro and in vivo. As a result, novel GHR antibodies are valuable tools for GHR-related research and may offer promising applications for the treatment of GH-dependent diseases in the future.

Fig.3 The anti-GHR antibody.^{2, 3}

Services

As a leading supplier of high-quality antibodies, Creative Biolabs offers a diverse range of GHR antibodies to scientists globally. Our antibodies are suitable for various scientific applications, including immunohistochemistry, ELISA, immunocytochemistry, western blot, and flow cytometry. These antibodies are designed to target GHR in human, mouse, and rat samples and so on. Please contact us for more information.

REFERENCES

1. Dehkhoda, Farhad, et al. "The growth hormone receptor: mechanism of receptor activation, cell signaling, and physiological aspects." Frontiers in endocrinology 9 (2018): 297357.
2. Lu, Man, et al. "Targeting growth hormone function: strategies and therapeutic applications." Signal transduction and targeted therapy 4.1 (2019): 3.
3. Under open access license CC BY 4.0, without modification.