Neutralizing vs Non-neutralizing Antibody
Antibodies are proteins produced by the body in response to stimulation by antigens, and play a crucial role in protection and recognition. The study of antibodies represents the forefront of modern biomedical research. At Creative Biolabs, we provide comprehensive antibody biology solutions to our clients and are dedicated to offering technical and theoretical support with our knowledge. Here, we would like to introduce to you the distinctions between neutralizing antibodies and non-neutralizing antibodies.
Neutralizing Antibodies
Neutralizing antibodies are a specific type of antibodies with a more direct function. They have the ability to neutralize viral infections and prevent the spread of viruses by directly inhibiting damage to host cells. Generally, neutralizing antibodies exhibit the following characteristics:
- Neutralizing antibodies bind to viruses in a way that blocks viral infection.
- They can disrupt the interaction between the virus and host cell surface receptors or bind to viral capsids to inhibit viral genome uncoating.
- The immune system takes time to generate effective neutralizing antibodies after infection, providing long-term protection.
- Neutralizing antibodies can neutralize the biological effects of antigens without the need for immune cells.
Fig 1. Actions of antibodies. (Morales, 2021)
Non-neutralizing Antibodies
Only a small portion of antibodies possess neutralizing activities and are categorized as neutralizing antibodies. Non-neutralizing antibodies, on the other hand, can also bind to specific antigens on the pathogen's surface and promote immune responses by activating complement pathways or stimulating other immune cells. Non-neutralizing antibodies generally exhibit the following features:
- Non-neutralizing antibodies are also produced in the body after infection and bind to specific viral particles, but they do not neutralize infectivity.
- They mark pathogens and recruit T cells or other immune cells of the immune system.
- Non-neutralizing antibodies typically rely on other immune components to exert their anti-infection functions.
Featured Products
| Mechanism | Effect | Activation | Application | |
| Neutralizing Antibodies | Bind to pathogens by blocking the molecules required by the virus to enter the host or inhibit the conformational change of the virus surface protein | Neutralize the infectivity of the virus, inhibit the process of membrane fusion or virus entry into the host | Virus surface antigen induction | Virology research, vaccine development, disease diagnosis and other fields |
| Non-neutralizing antibodies | Bind to pathogens in a way that does not neutralize infectivity | Label pathogen particles and recruit other immune components to function | Induced by virus internal antigens or surface non-neutralizing antigens | Immunology research, disease prevention, and development of immune interventions |
Additional Information
Our experienced team of developers and scientists always stays at the forefront of biotechnology and antibody research. Here, we provide further knowledge on Nabs that may interest you, aiming to support your research endeavors.
Our Services
We offer customizable services to meet your specific needs with our well- verified recombinant antibody production platform. Whether you require neutralizing antibodies for therapeutic purposes or non-neutralizing antibodies for research applications, our state-of-the-art facilities and cutting-edge technologies enable us to provide reliable and effective solutions. Contact us today for any requirements.
REFERENCE
- Nishimura, Y.; et al. Of mice, macaques and men: broadly neutralizing antibody immunotherapy for HIV-1. Cell Host Microbe. 2017, 22(2): 207-216.
