APOE Specific Neutra™ Antibody Products

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Apolipoprotein E (APOE or ApoE) is a major apoprotein of chylomicron. APOE2, APOE3, and APOE4 are alleles with different frequencies depending on ethnic groups and specific diseases. It is particularly overexpressed in the liver and adrenal glands. APOE plays multifaceted roles in the regulation of transcription, immune response, and lipid metabolism.

Its Gene ID: 348, UniProtKB ID: P02649, and OMIM ID: 107741.

APOE Receptors and Signal Pathways

APOE receptor plays a critical role in APOE metabolism, cholesterol cellular homeostasis, and amyloid-β (Aβ) production. The structures of VLDLR, ApoER2, LDLR, and LRP1 receptors and the intracellular signaling pathways are shown in figure 1.

Fig.1 APOE receptors and signal pathways.¹

APOE Isoforms and AD Physiopathology

APOE with different genotypes binds to lipids, receptors, and Aβ with different abilities and subsequently plays various cellular roles. Figure 2 shows the mechanisms and functions of APOE isoforms, especially APOE4, in the physiopathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Fig.2 Aβ-independent roles for APOE in AD pathology.²

APOE-based Treatment Strategies

As an APOE isoform, APOE4 promotes Aβ accumulation and inhibits the clearance of Aβ. APOE4 is therefore considered to be a trigger of AD. Compared to APOE3 and APOE2, APOE4 is associated with a higher plaque burden. Figure 3 illustrates different approaches by which to switch to APOE ideal isoforms.

APOE peptide mimics to block the APOE-Aβ interaction.
Anti-APOE antibodies to neutralize the side effects.
Agents that increase ABCA1 activity and APOE4 lipidation.
Gene therapy with CRISPR-Cas9 editing technology to switch APOE alleles.
Global silence of APOE with antisense oligonucleotides.

Fig.3 APOE-based potential strategies for AD treatment.³

Creative Biolabs offers anti-APOE antibodies with eleven applications for immunoassays. These antibodies with good specificity and affinity could be used in APOE metabolism and pathology studies.

REFERENCES

Rebeck, G. William, et al. "The generation and function of soluble apoE receptors in the CNS." Molecular neurodegeneration 1.1 (2006): 1-13.
Husain, et al. "APOE and Alzheimer's disease: from lipid transport to physiopathology and therapeutics." Frontiers in Neuroscience 15 (2021): 630502.
Serrano-Pozo, et al. "APOE and Alzheimer's disease: advances in genetics, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches." The Lancet Neurology 20.1 (2021): 68-80.