GD2 Specific Neutra™ Antibody Products

GD2 is a disialoganglioside, a type of glycolipid that is composed of a lipid and a carbohydrate component. GD2 is primarily expressed on the surface of neuroectodermal-derived cells, including neuroblastoma cells, melanoma cells, and certain types of sarcoma cells. It is particularly abundant in neuroblastoma, a cancer that mostly affects young children. GD2 plays a role in cell adhesion, migration, and signaling, and regulates cellular functions like proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Additionally, in the growing nervous system, GD2 aids in the establishment and preservation of neural connections.

GD2 as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer

GD2 can be regarded as a tumor-associated antigen because of its expression across a relatively broad range of tumor types and to a variable degree in different tumors, making it an ideal candidate for targeted cancer therapy. GD2 can participate in tumor growth and malignant phenotypes via increased cell proliferation, motility, migration, adhesion, and invasion. This offers support for the development of anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and other cancer therapies that target GD2.

Fig.1 The functions of GD2 in neuroblastoma.¹

Antibodies Targeting GD2

• Functions

Antibodies targeting GD2 have been developed as a form of immunotherapy for cancer treatment, particularly in high-risk neuroblastoma. These antibodies can specifically identify and bind to GD2 on the tumor cell surfaces. This binding activates immunological effector cells, such as macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells, to destroy the tumor cells via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). Besides, anti-GD2 mAbs may prevent circulating malignant cells from homing and adhering to the extracellular matrix.

Fig.2 Neuroblastoma tumor microenvironment and cytotoxic action induced by anti-GD2.²

• Development

Over the past years, several anti-GD2 antibodies have been developed, including murine anti-GD2 mAb, chimeric and humanized anti-GD2 mAb. Two anti-GD2 mAbs have been approved for the therapy of pediatric patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. Anti-GD2 clinical trials are currently being conducted in patients with other kinds of GD2-expressing malignancies, as well as neuroblastoma.

Other Anti-GD2 Targeted Therapies

Drug conjugates, NK cells, cytokines, and radiolabeled forms of anti-GD2 IgG mAbs can enhance a potentially cytotoxic payload to tumors. Besides, GD2 vaccines, new bispecific antibodies, and anti-GD2 chimeric antigen receptor T cells are promising candidates for treating metastatic tumors.

Fig.3 Anti-GD2 immunotherapies.³

Creative Biolabs offers thirteen different anti-GD2 antibody products. These antibodies are recombinantly expressed and could be used in six applications. In addition, we also provide high-quality bispecific antibodies targeting GD2. Customization of GD2-based antibodies is also available for you here.

REFERENCES

1. Yang, Xu, Jixia Li, and Jigang Yang. "Promising Molecular Targets and Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Neuroblastoma." Current Pharmacology Reports 9.1 (2023): 43-58.
2. Chan, Godfrey Chi-Fung, and Carol Matias Chan. "Anti-GD2 directed immunotherapy for high-risk and metastatic neuroblastoma." Biomolecules 12.3 (2022): 358.
3. Machy, Pierre, Erwan Mortier, and Stéphane Birklé. "Biology of GD2 ganglioside: implications for cancer immunotherapy." Frontiers in Pharmacology 14 (2023).