IL15 Specific Neutra™ Antibody Products

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Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a cytokine with significant biological functions, belonging to the 4α-helical bundle member of the cytokine family, with a molecular weight of approximately 14-15 kDa. IL-15 plays a crucial role in the immune system by stimulating the generation and activation of various immune cells. IL15 protein holds promises for cancer therapy and the anti-IL15 monoclonal antibodies have been developed for clinical applications.

IL-15 Structure and Expression

IL-15 is a glycoprotein tightly regulated at both structural and functional levels in humans and mice. Structurally akin to IL-2, it possesses a private α chain devoid of signaling capability, imparting cytokine specificity. Regulation of IL-15 production involves various factors including transcription, translation, translocation, and intracellular transport. While IL-15 mRNA is widely expressed in various cell types such as monocytes, macrophages, DCs, keratinocytes, and epidermal cells, its protein expression is primarily limited to dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes.

Fig.1 IL-15 signaling. (Ma, et al., 2022) Fig.1 IL-15 signaling.¹

Primary Functions of IL-15

IL-15 and IL-2

IL-15 shares some functions with IL-2 in the immune system. Binding of IL-15 to IL-2/IL-15Rβ/γc heterodimeric receptor induces JAK1 activation, phosphorylation of STAT3 via β chain, and activation of JAK3, leading to STAT5 phosphorylation via γ chain, thereby stimulating T cell proliferation and activation, inducing cytotoxic lymphocyte and memory phenotype CD8 T cell generation, and promoting NK cell proliferation and maintenance.

Fig.2 IL-15 and IL-2. (Jabri, et al., 2015) Fig.2 IL-15 and IL-2.²

Additional Functions of IL-15

Moreover, IL-15 possesses distinct immunoregulatory characteristics from IL-2, acting on a broader spectrum of cells and tissues, thus exerting systemic effects. Its actions include regulating tissue-resident T cells and processes of tissue destruction as danger signals.

Soluble IL-15Rα

In humans and mice, membrane-bound IL-15Rα protein can undergo hydrolytic cleavage to produce soluble forms of IL-15Rα, which compete with membrane-bound IL-15Rα for IL-15 binding, thereby regulating its release, and prolonging the response process of IL-15.

Fig.3 IL-15 functions. (Jabri, et al., 2015) Fig.3 IL-15 functions.²

IL-15 and Diseases

IL-15 plays a crucial role in pathogen infection and autoimmune diseases. Its upregulation can influence T cell proliferation, survival, migration, and effector functions, thereby exerting significant effects on disease development.

IL-15 can promote the growth of malignant cells expressing all components of the IL-15 receptor, including multiple myeloma cells, T cell leukemia cells, etc.
IL-15 has been shown to support the growth of SeAx cell lines in vitro, inhibit apoptosis of leukemia cell lines, and may play a role in cancer development.
IL-15 is involved in the infection processes of viruses such as HIV-1, HTLV-1, herpes viruses, etc.
IL-15 is associated with infections by bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, acute Salmonella enterica, etc.

Fig.4 IL-15-related therapies.³

Our Services

As a professional company in the field of biotechnology, Creative Biolabs provides specialized neutralizing antibody and recombinant antibody-related services and highly customizable technical platforms. Our products cover several important targets including IL-15. We are committed to providing high-quality antibody products to researchers, assisting them in conducting research in the fields of immune regulation and anti-tumor activities. Through our products and services, we look forward to providing strong support for our clients' research work and promoting advances and innovations in medical science. Please do not hesitate to contact us for any demands.

REFERENCES

Ma, Caligiuri, et al. "Harnessing IL-15 signaling to potentiate NK cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy." Trends Immunol. 43.10 (2022): 833-847.
Jabri, Abadie, et al. "IL‑15 functions as a danger signal to regulate tissue-resident T cells and tissue destruction." Nature Reviews Immunology (2015).
Sindaco, Pandey, et al. "The role of interleukin-15 in the development and treatment of hematological malignancies." Frontiers in Immunology 14 (2023): 1141208.

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