NRP2 Specific Neutra™ Antibody Products

Q: Can these antibodies be used for both in vitro and in vivo studies?

Many of our antibodies are suitable for both in vitro and certain in vivo applications, depending on the specific product and experimental design. We provide detailed application recommendations and validation data to guide researchers on the appropriate use for their studies. For in vivo applications, it is always recommended to perform preliminary dose-response and toxicity studies.

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Accelerate Your Research and Development!

Are you currently facing challenges in accurately detecting NRP2, diagnosing NRP2-associated spondyloarthropathies, or developing highly specific assays for immune-mediated conditions? Our NRP2 Specific Antibody Products from Creative Biolabs help you achieve precise and reliable NRP2 detection, enabling robust research into autoimmune mechanisms and the development of advanced diagnostic tools through high-specificity antibodies and immunoassay solutions.

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Introduction of NRP2

Neuropilin 2 (NRP2) is a single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein encoded by the NRP2 gene, sharing homology with Neuropilin 1 (NRP1). Structurally, NRP2 has an N-terminal extracellular domain for ligand binding, containing CUB domains for semaphorin binding and F5/8 domains for heparin and VEGF binding. NRP2 also exists as soluble isoforms (sNRP2), acting as decoy receptors, and has two splice forms (NRP2a, NRP2b) with distinct C-terminal regions, suggesting diverse signaling roles.

As a versatile co-receptor, NRP2 interacts with a broad range of ligands, including Class 3 Semaphorins (e.g., Sema3C, Sema3F), various VEGF isoforms (VEGF-A, -C, -D, -145, -165), PLGF-2, TGFβ, integrins, and ANGPTL4, mediating diverse biological processes.

Fig 1. Schematic of the life cycle of the hepatitis A virus (OA Literature) Fig. 1 Prominent neuropilin-2 signaling pathways and biologic effects.¹

In biological systems, NRP2 plays a central role in:

Development: It is critically involved in cardiovascular development, axon guidance, and neural crest cell migration, influencing nervous and vascular system formation. Genetic ablation of NRP2 reduces lymphatic capillary formation and leads to abnormal cranial and spinal nerve arrangements.
Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis: NRP2 is a key regulator of blood and lymphatic vessel formation, interacting with VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 to promote endothelial cell survival and migration in both physiological and pathological angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.
Immune Regulation: Recent research highlights NRP2's emerging role in the immune system. Expressed by various immune cell subsets (CD4⁺, CD8⁺ T cells, B cells, APCs), NRP2 functions as a co-inhibitory receptor, regulating antigen-induced inflammation and allograft rejection. Its expression on CD4⁺ T effector cells is functionally important, inducible on late effector and exhausted subsets, and co-expressed with co-inhibitory molecules like PD-1 and CTLA4.
Disease Pathology: Due to its multifaceted roles, NRP2 is implicated in several diseases. Its overexpression is frequently observed in various cancers (gastric, pancreatic, bladder, lung, neuroblastoma), promoting tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis by influencing angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and immune suppression. NRP2 has also been linked to cardiovascular diseases and inflammatory conditions.

NRP2's broad expression and diverse functions make it a compelling research target with significant potential for therapeutic intervention and diagnostic development across multiple disease areas.

Antibodies Against NRP2

Antibodies against NRP2 are invaluable tools for researchers seeking to understand the intricate biological roles of this co-receptor and its implications in various diseases. These antibodies are designed to specifically bind to NRP2, allowing for its detection, quantification, and functional modulation in a wide range of experimental settings.

The applications of NRP2 specific antibodies are extensive and include:

Western Blotting (WB): For the detection and characterization of NRP2 protein expression levels in cell lysates and tissue homogenates, enabling studies on protein regulation, post-translational modifications, and splice variants.
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Immunofluorescence (IF): To visualize the cellular and subcellular localization of NRP2 in tissues and cells, providing insights into its distribution in different cell types, its presence in specific cellular compartments, and its expression patterns in healthy versus diseased states. This is particularly useful for studying NRP2 expression in tumor tissues or developing neural structures.
Flow Cytometry (FCM): For the identification and quantification of NRP2-expressing cell populations, allowing researchers to analyze NRP2 expression on the surface of various immune cells, endothelial cells, and cancer cells, and to assess changes in expression under different experimental conditions or disease states.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA): For the quantitative measurement of soluble NRP2 (sNRP2) levels in biological fluids such as serum, plasma, or cell culture supernatants. This application is crucial for biomarker discovery, disease monitoring, and pharmacokinetic studies.
Immunoprecipitation (IP): To isolate NRP2 and its interacting protein partners, facilitating the study of protein-protein interactions and the assembly of signaling complexes involving NRP2.
Functional Studies: Certain NRP2 antibodies can be used in functional assays, such as blocking antibodies to inhibit NRP2-ligand interactions, or activating antibodies to modulate NRP2 signaling, thereby allowing researchers to investigate the functional consequences of NRP2 activity in processes like cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis.

These applications collectively enable a comprehensive understanding of NRP2's biological functions and its involvement in health and disease, making NRP2 specific antibodies indispensable reagents in modern biological and medical research.

Why Choose Us?

Creative Biolabs’ NRP2 Specific Antibody Products are meticulously engineered to provide researchers with precise tools for a wide array of applications. Our antibodies enable the accurate detection and quantification of NRP2, a critical co-receptor involved in diverse biological processes, including vascular development, nervous system guidance, and immune regulation. With our high-quality antibodies, you can expect to:

Elucidate Signaling Pathways: Precisely identify and characterize NRP2's interactions with its various ligands, such as semaphorins (e.g., Sema3C, Sema3F) and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D), to unravel complex signaling cascades in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and neuronal development.
Investigate Disease Mechanisms: Explore the role of NRP2 in various pathological conditions, including cancer progression, metastasis, inflammation, and cardiovascular diseases. Our antibodies facilitate studies on NRP2 expression levels, cellular localization, and functional implications in disease models.
Support Therapeutic Development: Utilize our antibodies for screening and validating potential therapeutic targets. By understanding NRP2's involvement in tumor growth, immune suppression, and other disease-related processes, you can accelerate the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Enhance Diagnostic Assays: Develop highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tools for early detection, prognosis, and monitoring of diseases where NRP2 plays a significant role.

FAQs

Q: What are the primary applications for these antibodies in research?

A: These antibodies are highly versatile and suitable for a broad range of research applications, including Western Blotting, Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence, Flow Cytometry, and ELISA. They are designed to assist in studying protein expression, cellular localization, and quantitative analysis of the target in various biological samples.

Q: How do these antibodies ensure high specificity and reduce off-target binding?

A: Our antibodies undergo rigorous validation processes, including extensive specificity testing against related proteins and cellular components. This meticulous approach, often involving knockout/knockdown validation and peptide competition assays, ensures that the antibodies bind precisely to the intended target, minimizing non-specific interactions and providing accurate results.

Q: Can these antibodies be used for both in vitro and in vivo studies?

A: Many of our antibodies are suitable for both in vitro and certain in vivo applications, depending on the specific product and experimental design. We provide detailed application recommendations and validation data to guide researchers on the appropriate use for their studies. For in vivo applications, it is always recommended to perform preliminary dose-response and toxicity studies.

Q: What advantages do these antibodies offer in terms of sensitivity for detecting low-level protein expression?

A: Our antibodies are developed and optimized for exceptional sensitivity, enabling the detection of even low concentrations of the target protein. This high sensitivity is achieved through optimized antibody affinity and robust assay compatibility, providing reliable results even with challenging or limited samples.

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REFERENCE

Dhupar, Rajeev et al. “Orchestrating Resilience: How Neuropilin-2 and Macrophages Contribute to Cardiothoracic Disease.” Journal of clinical medicine vol. 13,5 1446. 1 Mar. 2024, DOI:10.3390/jcm13051446. Distributed under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification.

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