SEMA4D Specific Neutra™ Antibody Products

Semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D), also known as CD100, is a transmembrane protein involved in cell signaling and guidance. Encoded by the SEMA4D gene, it belongs to the semaphorin family and consists of an extracellular domain containing sema and PSI domains, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic tail. SEMA4D is expressed in various tissues, including the nervous system, immune cells, and endothelial cells. It regulates diverse biological processes such as axon guidance, immune response modulation, and angiogenesis. Through its interactions with Plexin-B1 and CD72 receptors, SEMA4D mediates cell-cell communication, influencing cellular behavior and tissue organization.

Its Gene ID: 10507, UniProtKB ID: Q92854, and OMIM ID: 601866.

SEMA4D in Immune Regulation and Axonal Guidance

Biological activities of SEMA4D are well characterized in the immune system. SEMA4D is expressed on the surface of many immune cells, such as T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells. By binding its low affinity receptor CD72, SEMA4D promotes B cell aggregation and survival, while also increasing B cell activation in antibody production. SEMA4D is also involved in the activation and maturation of T cells and antigen-presenting cells. Via its high-affinity receptor Plexin-B1, SEMA4D inhibits the migration of monocytic and B-cell lineage cells. In the neurological system, SEMA4D regulates axonal guidance and neuronal migration. It interacts with Plexin-B1 receptors to regulate axon repulsion and attraction, thereby guiding neuronal growth cones during development. SEMA4D also plays a role in synapse formation and plasticity, contributing to the development and maintenance of neural circuits.

Fig.1 The activation of T cells by SEMA4D.¹

SEMA4D in Diseases

SEMA4D dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases. In cancer, SEMA4D promotes tumor growth and metastasis by enhancing angiogenesis, modulating immune responses, and guiding tumor cell migration. SEMA4D has also been linked to autoimmune and inflammatory illnesses like multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and asthma. It can exacerbate inflammation and promote immune cell activation in these conditions. Furthermore, SEMA4D has been linked to neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease, where it contributes to synaptic impairment and cognitive decline.

Fig.2 Schematic model for effects of SEMA4D on astrogliosis.²

Antibodies Targeting SEMA4D

Antibodies targeting SEMA4D have emerged as promising therapeutics across various diseases. They function by blocking SEMA4D signaling pathways, thereby inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis, reducing inflammation, and protecting neurons from degeneration. Research has demonstrated that anti-SEMA4D antibodies can reduce angiogenesis, inhibit tumor cell migration, and enhance immune-mediated tumor cell killing, leading to improved outcomes in preclinical models. For Huntington's disease, anti-SEMA4D antibodies have been shown to protect neurons from degeneration, enhance neurite outgrowth, and improve motor function in animal models of the disease. Research has also demonstrated that SEMA4D blockade reduces synovial inflammation, inhibits bone erosion, and attenuates joint destruction in experimental models of arthritis.

Creative Biolabs offers twenty kinds of anti-SEMA4D antibody products that can be used for five applications to meet your various research needs.

REFERENCES

1. Chapoval, Svetlana P. "Neuroimmune semaphorins as costimulatory molecules and beyond." Molecular Medicine 24.1 (2018): 13. Distributed under Open Access license CC BY 4.0. The image was modified by extracting and using only part of the original image.
2. Evans, Elizabeth E., et al. "Semaphorin 4D is upregulated in neurons of diseased brains and triggers astrocyte reactivity." Journal of Neuroinflammation 19.1 (2022): 200. Distributed under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification.