Deamidated INS2 Specific Neutra™ Antibody Products

Are you struggling with prolonged drug development timelines, insufficient antibody specificity, or challenges in neutralizing deamidated protein toxicity? Creative Biolabs' deamidated INS2 specific Neutra™ antibody products leverage advanced epitope mapping and high-throughput validation to deliver precise, affinity-optimized antibodies that streamline target validation and therapeutic discovery.

Introduction to Deamidated INS2

Deamidated insulin 2 (Deamidated INS2) is a post-translationally modified form of insulin 2 characterized by the spontaneous conversion of asparagine residues to aspartic acid or isoaspartic acid under physiological conditions. This non-enzymatic deamidation alters the protein's charge and conformational stability, triggering immune responses linked to type 1 diabetes (T1D) and autoimmune disorders. Deamidated INS2 serves as a critical autoantigen in disease pathogenesis, making it a high-priority therapeutic and diagnostic target.

• Structural Insights

The structural integrity of insulin 2 is compromised upon deamidation, primarily at conserved asparagine residues within the A-chain (Asn21) and B-chain (Asn3). This modification disrupts hydrophobic interactions and induces misfolding, exposing cryptic epitopes to immune surveillance. X-ray crystallography reveals that deamidation-induced conformational changes reduce insulin's binding affinity to its receptor while enhancing immunogenicity. The altered tertiary structure also promotes aggregation, further amplifying autoimmune reactivity.

• Related Signaling Pathways

Deamidated INS2 activates pathogenic signaling cascades through its interaction with autoreactive T cells and B cells. Key pathways include:

- MHC-II Antigen Presentation: Deamidated INS2 peptides bind strongly to HLA-DQ8/DR4 alleles, activating CD4⁺ T cells and driving proinflammatory cytokine production.

- B Cell Receptor Activation: Autoantibodies targeting deamidated epitopes amplify B cell differentiation, perpetuating autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells.

- Insulin Receptor Dysregulation: Structural destabilization reduces insulin signaling efficacy, exacerbating metabolic dysfunction in preclinical T1D models.

Fig.1 Insulin signaling.¹

• Associated Pathologies

Deamidated INS2 is a hallmark antigen in type 1 diabetes, where it contributes to β-cell autoimmunity and disease progression. Its presence correlates with earlier onset and severity of T1D, as well as complications in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). Emerging evidence also implicates deamidated INS2 in cross-reactive immune responses observed in polyendocrine syndromes and rheumatoid arthritis.

Applications of Deamidated INS2-Specific Neutralizing Antibodies

• Developing Diagnostic Tools for Early Disease Detection

Deamidated INS2 antibodies are critical for detecting autoantibodies in patient sera, enabling early diagnosis of T1D and monitoring disease progression. High-sensitivity assays using these antibodies improve risk stratification and intervention timing, particularly in pediatric populations.

• Advancing Immunotherapies for Autoimmune Diabetes

Neutralizing antibodies targeting deamidated INS2 can suppress autoreactive T cell activation and restore immune tolerance. In preclinical studies, antibody-mediated epitope blockade reduces insulitis and preserves β-cell mass, offering a promising strategy for antigen-specific immunotherapy.

• Enabling Mechanistic Studies in Disease Pathogenesis

Researchers utilize these antibodies to map deamidated INS2 interactions with MHC-II molecules and T cell receptors, elucidating mechanisms of immune dysregulation. Such insights are pivotal for designing small-molecule inhibitors or peptide vaccines.

• Supporting Drug Safety and Efficacy Evaluations

Pharmaceutical applications include screening therapeutic candidates for off-target binding to deamidated INS2, mitigating risks of adverse immune reactions during clinical trials.

Our Anti-Deamidated INS2 Neutralizing Antibodies

Antibodies specific to deamidated INS2 are indispensable for dissecting its role in autoimmunity and developing precision therapies. Creative Biolabs' deamidated INS2 specific antibodies are engineered to:

- Neutralize Pathogenic Epitopes: High-affinity binding blocks interactions between deamidated INS2 and autoreactive immune cells.

- Enable Accurate Detection: Validate deamidated INS2 levels in serum or tissue samples with minimal cross-reactivity to native insulin isoforms.

- Support Functional Studies: Investigate antigen-antibody dynamics in vitro and in vivo using flow cytometry, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and immunohistochemistry.

These antibodies exhibit unmatched specificity, validated across ELISA, Western blot, and multiplex immunoassays, ensuring reproducibility in research and preclinical applications.

Creative Biolabs' deamidated INS2 specific Neutra™ antibody products empower researchers to overcome challenges in diabetes and autoimmune research. Our antibodies combine rigorous validation, superior specificity, and adaptable formats to accelerate your projects.

Contact our team today to discuss custom solutions tailored to your needs.

REFERENCE

1. Le, Thi Kim Chung, et al. "Insulin signaling and its application." Frontiers in endocrinology 14 (2023): 1226655. Distributed under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1226655