Aberrant glycosylation, affiliated with certain proteins and glycosyltransferases, is observed in the carcinogenesis of cells, which leads to truncated patterns of oligosaccharides on cancer cell surfaces. These "abnormal" oligosaccharides can serve as biomarkers to distinguish tumor cells from normal healthy cells, and are known as tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs). A significant portion of the top rated cancer antigens have been identified as TACAs. Abundantly found on the surface, TACAs represent suitable targets for immunotherapies because they are expressed on virtually all forms of cancer.