TGFB1 Specific Neutra™ Antibody Products

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Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGFB1 or TGF-β1) is a protein that performs important functions in regulating cell development, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. It is a member of the TGF-beta superfamily of cytokines, found almost ubiquitously in tissues, and is involved in various cellular processes, including embryogenesis, tissue repair, and immune response modulation.

Its Gene ID: 7040, UniProtKB ID: P01137, and OMIM ID: 190180.

TGFB1 Signaling Pathways

The signaling pathways of TGFB1 are diverse and involve multiple intracellular components. TGFB1 is activated by a variety of mechanisms, including interactions with specific proteins such as integrins, proteases, and thrombospondin-1, mechanical forces, and changes in the extracellular matrix. Once activated, TGFB1 binds to its receptors, initiating canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways. In the canonical pathway, TGFB1 activates SMAD proteins, which migrate into the nucleus and control gene expression. This pathway plays a crucial role in mediating TGFB1's effects on cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Additionally, TGFB1 can activate non-SMAD pathways, including MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and Rho-like GTPase signaling, which contribute to cellular processes such as cytoskeletal rearrangements, inflammation, and cell migration. The integration of these signaling pathways enables TGFB1 to exert its pleiotropic effects on various cellular functions.

Fig.1 Working mechanism of active TGF-β1. (Yang, et al., 2021) Fig.1 Active TGF-β1 functions via SMAD-dependent and/or SMAD-independent pathways.¹

TGFB1 in Cancer, Fibrosis and Immunologic Disease

TGFB1 is a multifunctional protein with significant implications in both normal physiological processes and disease pathogenesis.

In cancer, TGFB1 typically acts as a tumor suppressor during early stages by inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. However, in later stages, cancer cells often develop resistance to the growth-inhibitory effects of TGFB1, leading to tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis.
In fibrosis, TGFB1 is a key driver of excessive extracellular matrix deposition and tissue scarring. Prolonged activation of TGFB1 signaling can lead to the development of fibrotic conditions in various organs, such as the lungs, liver, and kidneys.
In immunologic diseases, TGFB1 plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses. It has potent immunosuppressive effects, inhibiting the function of various immune cells and promoting immune tolerance. Underproduction of TGFB1 can contribute to autoimmune diseases, whereas it is excessively produced in many cases of pathology.

Antibody Targeting TGFB1

Neutralizing antibodies targeting TGFB1 have been developed as a potential therapy for a variety of illnesses. These antibodies work by binding to TGFB1 and inhibiting its activity, thereby blocking downstream signaling pathways and mitigating its effects on cell growth, differentiation, and immune regulation. Functionally, these antibodies have shown promise in reversing tumor immune evasion, tumor metastasis elimination, enhancing antitumor immune responses, reducing fibrosis, and regulating immune dysregulation in various diseases. For instance, neutralizing antibodies that block TGFB1 decrease radiation-induced acceleration of metastatic cancer growth in a metastatic breast cancer model. Overall, the development of neutralizing antibodies against TGFB1 represents a novel therapeutic strategy with the potential to address a wide range of diseases in which TGFB1 plays a critical role.

Fig.2 Role of anti-TGF-β therapies in regulation of the tumor microenvironment. (Teixeira, Peter and Hong-Jian, 2020) Fig.2 Anti-TGF-β therapies targeting multiple components of tumor microenvironment.²

Creative Biolabs offers different kinds of anti-TGFB1 antibody products that can be used for different applications to meet your various research needs.

REFERENCES

Yang, Dongyong, et al. "Role of transforming growth factor-β1 in regulating fetal-maternal immune tolerance in normal and pathological pregnancy." Frontiers in Immunology 12 (2021): 689181.
Teixeira, Adilson Fonseca, Peter Ten Dijke, and Hong-Jian Zhu. "On-target anti-TGF-β therapies are not succeeding in clinical cancer treatments: what are remaining challenges?." Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 8 (2020): 605.

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