WSSV Specific Neutra™ Antibody Products

Do you presently confront notable difficulties in the creation of efficacious diagnostic assays or therapeutic interventions targeting White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV)? Creative Biolabs' portfolio of WSSV Specific Neutra™ Antibody Products is designed to facilitate an expedited progression in the investigation and development of WSSV-related solutions, leveraging our sophisticated antibody technology and specialized knowledge.

Overview of WSSV

WSSV represents a highly aggressive pathogen, constituting a considerable menace to global shrimp aquaculture. Functioning as the etiological agent of white spot disease, WSSV approximates complete lethality within afflicted shrimp populations. It consequently precipitated substantial economic repercussions across the aquaculture sector. The virus is distinguished by its extensive host tropism, impacting a diverse spectrum of crustacean taxa. This expansive host range likely contributes to the swift dissemination and enduring presence of WSSV in aquatic ecosystems, thereby rendering its effective control and management a complex endeavor.

WSSV Structure

WSSV virions range from ellipsoid to bacilliform, with lateral dimensions spanning 70-170 nm and longitudinal dimensions extending from 210-420 nm. An obvious characteristic of WSSV virions is a terminal filamentous appendage on a significant proportion of particles. It is a defining trait of the Nimaviridae family. The virus encompasses several fundamental constituents, including an external, lipid-bilayer containing envelope, an intervening tegument, and an internal, rod-shaped nucleocapsid exhibiting striations. Comprehensive proteomic investigations have cataloged more than 40 structural proteins within the WSSV virion, underscoring the intricate nature of its molecular organization. The lipid components of the viral particle are acquired from the host cell nuclei during infection.

Fig. 1 Structure of WSSV.^{1, 4}

Related Signaling Pathways

WSSV pathogenesis entails intricate modulations of host cellular signaling cascades. Such as the IE1/JNK/c-Jun axis. WSSV IE1 protein assumes a pivotal function in the subversion of this pathway to favor viral propagation. IE1 protein engages with the host c-NK, leading to an augmentation of JNK enzymatic activity. This molecular interplay establishes a positive feedback mechanism wherein IE1 potentiates JNK signaling, which subsequently enhances IE1 gene expression. This self-reinforcing loop serves to amplify viral gene transcription and consequently propels WSSV replication. The perturbation of this regulatory circuit demonstrably curtails WSSV proliferation and enhances the survival probability of infected shrimp, thereby underscoring its critical significance within the viral life cycle.

Fig. 2 WSSV related signaling pathway.^{2, 4}

Application for Anti-WSSV Antibody

WSSV Detection

Anti-WSSV antibodies constitute indispensable reagents for the precise and expeditious identification of WSSV within infected shrimp populations. These immunoglobulins find utility across a spectrum of diagnostic methodologies, including ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and biosensor platforms, facilitating the detection of viral antigens in tissue specimens or hemolymph. A particular application lies in the engineering of electrochemical biosensors. By way of illustration, investigators have fabricated single-use electrodes functionalized with anti-WSSV antibodies to capture and subsequently detect the virus with elevated sensitivity and selectivity. Such biosensor technologies offer benefits such as rapid turnaround times, operational simplicity, and suitability for deployment in situ, thereby enabling timely and accurate diagnosis of WSSV infection within aquaculture environments.

Fig. 3 Design of a disposable high-conductivity electrode for electrochemical detection of WSSV using anti-WSSV antibody.^{3, 4}

WSSV Infection Prevention

Beyond diagnostic applications, anti-WSSV antibodies exhibit therapeutic potential as prophylactic agents, capable of blocking virion-host cell adhesion to neutralize infection. Notably, oral vaccines leveraging recombinant Chlorella vulgaris-expressed VP28—a viral envelope protein critical for host entry—demonstrate the feasibility of targeting structural antigens for immune priming. While VP28 remains a focal candidate, antibodies against analogous epitopes may offer passive immunization strategies, plausibly delivered via feed or immersion to shield shrimp populations preemptively. Such approaches could mitigate disease onset in aquaculture systems, reducing mortality without relying on active host immunity. Further research is needed to optimize delivery mechanisms and evaluate cross-protective efficacy against evolving WSSV strains.

Creative Biolabs provides solutions for WSSV research and development. Our WSSV Specific Neutra™ Antibody Products are designed to meet the all needs of our clients, from basic research to the development of diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

REFERENCES

1. Wang, Han-Ching, et al. "ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Nimaviridae." Journal of General Virology 100.7 (2019): 1053-1054. https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001248
2. Wang, Sheng, et al. "White spot syndrome virus establishes a novel IE1/JNK/c-Jun positive feedback loop to drive replication." Iscience 23.1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2019.100752
3. Takemura, Kenshin, et al. "Electrochemical detection of white spot syndrome virus with a silicone rubber disposable electrode composed of graphene quantum dots and gold nanoparticle-embedded polyaniline nanowires." Journal of nanobiotechnology 18 (2020): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-020-00712-4
4. Distributed under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification.