IgE Specific Neutra™ Antibody Products

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Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is one of the five classes (isotypes) of immunoglobulin (antibodies) produced by B cells and plasma cells in response to antigen stimulation. IgE can not only provide protective immunity but also mediate type I hypersensitivity reactions, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. In mouse studies, lowering IgE levels significantly alleviates allergic inflammation associated with the disease. Therefore, IgE has become a target for the development of novel therapeutic agents. In mice and humans, IgE antibody production is tightly controlled by multiple mechanisms including regulatory T cells and cytokines inhibiting Th2 cell differentiation, characteristics of IgE switch regions leading to low recombination frequency, increased GC IgE cell apoptosis, impaired IgE memory cell formation, and high IgE antibody turnover rates.

Receptors for IgE

The regulation of IgE is closely related to specific receptors and other binding factors. IgE can bind to IgE receptors on immune cells in tissues and circulation. IgE has two receptors: high-affinity Fc receptor (FcεRI) and low-affinity Fc receptor (FcεRII, also known as CD23). A large amount of FcεRI is present on the cell membrane of mast cells and basophils. Cross-linking of IgE with FcεRI aggregates the receptor and induces signaling. CD23 has a C-type lectin domain at the C-terminus of the extracellular component of the receptor, which is a type II integral membrane protein.

Fig.1 IgE and its receptors. (Wu, 2014) Fig.1 IgE and its receptors.¹

The Role of Membrane IgE in Cell Survival and Cell Fate

The membrane and cytoplasmic regions of IgE are encoded by two membrane exons, M1 and M2. Human IgE can also carry short EMPDs generated by alternative splicing. The human M1 exon encodes a unique long membrane-proximal domain (EMPD) that is not found in mice. Human IgE containing short or long EMPD domains is overexpressed in mouse B cells, indicating that IgE containing short EMPD domains can inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis.

Anti-IgE Therapy

Since IgE is a key mediator of allergy, targeting membrane-bound and soluble IgE is one of the approaches for the treatment of IgE-mediated allergic diseases. This approach is not allergen-dependent and is advantageous. Anti-IgE therapy provides strong conceptual evidence for the core role of the IgE system in asthma and other allergic diseases. Indeed, a humanized anti-IgE antibody targeting the IgE pathway has been developed and has been successfully or is being investigated as a potential therapeutic agent for allergic diseases in many clinical trials.

Creative Biolabs offers dozens of different anti-IgE antibody products. These antibodies are recombinantly expressed and can be used for various applications. You can also customize IgE-based bispecific antibodies here.

REFERENCE

Wu, Lawren C., and Ali A. Zarrin. "The production and regulation of IgE by the immune system." Nature Reviews Immunology 14.4 (2014): 247-259.

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