TNF Specific Neutra™ Antibody Products
Product listOverview of TNF
TNF (tumor necrosis factor, or TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays important roles in various cellular processes, including inflammatory responses, cell survival, apoptosis, and cell differentiation.
- Expression
TNF is produced by various cells, including macrophages, activated monocytes, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, fibroblasts, adipocytes, and keratinocytes. TNF is mainly detected on cell membrane which is a type II homotrimer membrane protein. Meanwhile, it can be also secreted outside the cell.
- Signaling pathway
The cell response to TNF is mediated through interactions with the receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2, and it is involved in several signaling pathways, including the NF-κB pathway, which leads to the activation of pro-inflammatory genes, and the JNK pathway, which leads to apoptosis, as well as Erk1/2, p38 MAPK pathways.
- Related diseases
Dysregulation of TNF signaling has been implicated in several diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis. In these diseases, TNF is overproduced and contributes to inflammation and tissue damage.
Fig.1 TNF induced canonical NF-κB pathway.1
Antibodies Target TNF
Antibodies against TNF are a class of therapeutic agents known as TNF inhibitors or anti-TNF agents. These antibodies are designed to block the activity of TNF, thereby reducing inflammation and suppressing the immune response. They are typically used to treat autoimmune disorders in which TNF plays a significant role. Several TNF inhibitors have been developed and approved for specific conditions, working by specifically binding to TNF and preventing it from interacting with its receptors. By inhibiting TNF, these antibodies can effectively reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and ulcerative colitis. They have shown effectiveness in alleviating symptoms, decreasing disease activity, and delaying disease progression in these autoimmune illnesses. It's worth noting that anti-TNF therapy has shown only modest effects in cancer therapy.
Potential Therapy Targeting TNF
Researchers are exploring the use of TNF inhibitors in combination with other drugs to enhance their efficacy or minimize side effects. In addition to targeting TNF itself, researchers are investigating ways to modulate TNF receptor signaling pathways. This approach aims to selectively block specific TNF receptor subtypes to achieve desired therapeutic effects while minimizing adverse reactions. Furthermore, researchers are exploring innovative delivery methods for TNF inhibitors, such as oral formulations or sustained-release systems, to improve convenience and patient compliance.
Fig.2 Mechanism of action of anti-TNF antibodies in inflammatory bowel disease.2
Creative Biolabs offers almost two hundred distinct types of anti-TNF antibody products that may be utilized in nearly twenty different applications. These high-quality, reproducible recombinant antibodies will help you complete your research more efficiently. Furthermore, TNF-based bispecific antibodies can be customized here.
REFERENCES
- Webster, Joshua D., and Domagoj Vucic. "The balance of TNF mediated pathways regulates inflammatory cell death signaling in healthy and diseased tissues." Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 8 (2020): 365.
- Billmeier, Ulrike, et al. "Molecular mechanism of action of anti-tumor necrosis factor antibodies in inflammatory bowel diseases." World journal of gastroenterology 22.42 (2016): 9300.
