IAV HA (Influenza A virus hemagglutinin) is a crucial surface glycoprotein of the Influenza A virus. Structurally, it comprises two subunits, HA1 and HA2, arranged in a trimeric fashion. HA1 contains the receptor-binding site, while HA2 facilitates membrane fusion. There are 18 known subtypes of HA, classified based on antigenic differences. HA plays a pivotal role in viral entry into host cells by mediating attachment and membrane fusion. It recognizes sialic acid receptors on host cells and facilitates viral entry via endocytosis.
The HA promotes viral entrance into host cells by attaching to sialic acid receptors on the surface of respiratory epithelial cells. HA exhibits specificity for certain types of sialic acid linkages, with avian strains typically preferring α2,3-linked sialic acid receptors found in avian hosts, while human-adapted strains favor α2,6-linked sialic acid receptors abundant in the human respiratory tract. This receptor binding specificity is a key determinant of viral tropism and host range, influencing the ability of influenza A viruses to infect and spread within different species, including humans, birds, and mammals.
IAV HA-mediated membrane fusion is a multi-step process crucial for viral entry into host cells. Initially, HA binds to sialic acid receptors on the host cell surface, causing viral endocytosis and forming an endosome. Upon acidification of the endosome, HA changes shape, revealing a hydrophobic fusion peptide. This fusion peptide inserts into the endosomal membrane, anchoring the virus. Subsequently, HA undergoes further conformational changes, putting the viral and endosomal membranes into close contact. Finally, the fusion peptide induces membrane fusion, which allows viral genetic material to be released into the cytoplasm of the host cell. This orchestrated series of events facilitated by HA ensures efficient viral entry and infection of host cells by the influenza A virus.
Fig.1 The process of HA-mediated membrane fusion.1
IAV HA is the primary target of neutralizing antibodies given its critical role in viral entry.
Head antibodies bind to the globular head region of IAV HA, blocking its attachment to host cell receptors and preventing viral entry. Research has shown that head antibodies can provide strain-specific protection. However, their effectiveness against antigenically diverse strains may be limited due to HA variability, necessitating frequent vaccine updates to match circulating strains.
Stem antibodies target the stem region of IAV HA, inhibiting conformational changes required for membrane fusion and viral entry. The stem region of HA (HA2) is extremely conserved within influenza strains. These antibodies offer broad-spectrum protection against diverse influenza A strains and show potential for universal vaccine development. Research has identified broadly neutralizing stem antibodies capable of cross-reacting with multiple influenza A subtypes.
Fig.2 Schematic diagram of HA, the target for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs).2
Creative Biolabs offers more than two hundred types of anti-IAV HA antibody products which are produced recombinantly, ensuring high batch-to-batch consistency and long-term supply security. They are available for nearly twenty applications, allowing your wide range of research needs to be met.
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC864) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC864)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenzavirus A (IAV),
Application: WB,DB,ELISA,Neut,
Recombinant Anti-IAV HA Antibody (V3S-0522-YC1438) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC1438)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenzavirus A (IAV),
Application: WB,DB,ELISA,IHC,FC,IP,IF,FuncS,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC7447) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC7447)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Mouse
Target Species: Influenza A virus (IAV),
Application: ELISA,DB,ELISA,Neut,FuncS,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC7450) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC7450)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A virus (IAV), Influenza B virus (IBV),
Application: ELISA,WB,DB,Neut,FuncS,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC7451) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC7451)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A virus (IAV),
Application: ELISA,DB,WB,Neut,FuncS,
Recombinant Anti-IAV HA Antibody (V3S-0622-YC288) (CAT#: V3S-0622-YC288)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Mouse
Target Species: Influenza A virus (IAV),
Application: ELISA,
Recombinant Anti-IAV HA Antibody (V3S-0622-YC289) (CAT#: V3S-0622-YC289)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Mouse
Target Species: Influenza A virus (IAV),
Application: ELISA,
Recombinant Anti-IAV HA Antibody (V3S-0622-YC3430) (CAT#: V3S-0622-YC3430)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A virus (IAV),
Application: ELISA,IHC,
Recombinant Anti-IAV HA Antibody (V3S-0622-YC3431) (CAT#: V3S-0622-YC3431)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A virus (IAV),
Application: ELISA,IHC,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0622-YC3437) (CAT#: V3S-0622-YC3437)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A virus (IAV),
Application: Block,FC,
Recombinant Anti-IAV HA Antibody (V3S-0622-YC3438) (CAT#: V3S-0622-YC3438)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A virus (IAV),
Application: ELISA,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0622-YC4562) (CAT#: V3S-0622-YC4562)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Swine-Origin Influenza A virus (S-OIV),
Application: Neut,ELISA,IF,IP,FuncS,FC,IHC,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0622-YC4563) (CAT#: V3S-0622-YC4563)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A virus (IAV),
Application: FC,IP,ELISA,Neut,FuncS,IF,ICC,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC186) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC186)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Mouse
Target Species: Influenzavirus A (IAV),
Application: ELISA,FC,Neut,
Recombinant Anti-IAV HA Antibody (V3S-0522-YC187) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC187)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Mouse
Target Species: Influenzavirus A (IAV),
Application: ELISA,
Recombinant Anti-IAV HA Antibody (V3S-0522-YC188) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC188)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Mouse
Target Species: Influenzavirus A (IAV),
Application: ELISA,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC783) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC783)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenzavirus A (IAV),
Application: ELISA,Neut,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC814) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC814)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenzavirus A (IAV),
Application: ELISA,Neut,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC815) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC815)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenzavirus A (IAV),
Application: ELISA,FC,Neut,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC816) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC816)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenzavirus A (IAV),
Application: ELISA,FC,Neut,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC817) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC817)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenzavirus A (IAV),
Application: ELISA,FC,Neut,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC818) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC818)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenzavirus A (IAV),
Application: ELISA,FC,Neut,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC819) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC819)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenzavirus A (IAV),
Application: ELISA,Neut,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC820) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC820)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenzavirus A (IAV),
Application: ELISA,Neut,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC957) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC957)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenzavirus A (IAV),
Application: ELISA,Neut,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC1464) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC1464)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenzavirus A (IAV),
Application: ELISA,IHC,FC,IP,IF,Block,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC3583) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC3583)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A Virus H1N1 / H3N2,
Application: ELISA,Neut,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC3584) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC3584)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A Virus H1N1 / H3N2,
Application: ELISA,Neut,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC3585) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC3585)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A Virus H1N1 / H3N2,
Application: ELISA,Neut,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC3586) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC3586)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A Virus H1N1 / H3N2,
Application: ELISA,Neut,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC3587) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC3587)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A Virus H1N1 / H3N2,
Application: ELISA,Neut,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC3588) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC3588)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A Virus H1N1 / H3N2,
Application: ELISA,Neut,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC7130) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC7130)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Mouse
Target Species: Influenza A virus (IAV),
Application: Neut,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC7442) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC7442)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A virus (IAV),
Application: Neut,FuncS,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC7443) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC7443)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A virus (IAV),
Application: WB,Neut,FuncS,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC7446) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC7446)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A virus (IAV),
Application: WB,ELISA,Neut,FuncS,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC7449) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC7449)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A virus (IAV),
Application: WB,ELISA,Neut,FuncS,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC7452) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC7452)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A virus (IAV),
Application: Neut,FuncS,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC7454) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC7454)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A virus (IAV),
Application: WB,ELISA,Neut,FuncS,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC7455) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC7455)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A virus (IAV),
Application: Neut,FuncS,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC7458) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC7458)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A virus (IAV),
Application: Neut,FuncS,
Recombinant Anti-IAV HA Antibody (V3S-0522-YC7779) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC7779)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A virus (IAV),
Application: WB,IF,FuncS,
Recombinant Anti-IAV HA Antibody (V3S-0522-YC7781) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC7781)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A virus (IAV),
Application: WB,IF,FuncS,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-0522-YC7782) (CAT#: V3S-0522-YC7782)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A virus (IAV),
Application: Neut,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-1022-YC1845) (CAT#: V3S-1022-YC1845)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A Virus (IAV),
Application: ELISA,Neut,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-1022-YC1846) (CAT#: V3S-1022-YC1846)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A Virus (IAV),
Application: ELISA,Neut,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-1022-YC1847) (CAT#: V3S-1022-YC1847)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A Virus (IAV),
Application: ELISA,Neut,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-1022-YC1928) (CAT#: V3S-1022-YC1928)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A Virus (IAV),
Application: WB,ELISA,Neut,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-1022-YC1929) (CAT#: V3S-1022-YC1929)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A Virus (IAV),
Application: WB,ELISA,Neut,
Anti-IAV HA Neutralizing Antibody (V3S-1022-YC1930) (CAT#: V3S-1022-YC1930)
Target: IAV HA
Host Species: Human
Target Species: Influenza A Virus (IAV),
Application: WB,ELISA,Neut,
