NT5E Specific Neutra™ Antibody Products
Product list5'-Nucleotidase Ecto (NT5E), also known as Cluster of Differentiation 73 (CD73), CALJA, ENT, etc., is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored cell surface enzyme, abundantly expressed in many types of cells, including tumor cells, endothelial cells, stromal cells, and the infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). NT5E contains a dimer of 2 same subunits (each 70 kDa) bound to the external membrane by a GPI linkage. It catalyzes the dephosphorylation of nucleoside 5'-monophosphates, especially the conversion of extracellular AMP into membrane-permeable adenosine, which is an essential response to inflammation or oxygen deprivation.
Its Gene ID: 4907, UniProtKB ID: P21589, and OMIM ID: 129190.
Fig.1 Visualization of NT5E structure.1
NT5E Functions and Signaling Pathways
NT5E is demonstrated to be closely involved with multiple immune cells such as lymphocytes, NK cells, macrophages, Tregs, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells, and partakes in the regulation of tumorigenesis, proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, apoptosis escape, and resistance to chemotherapy.
NT5E, along with CD39, are ectonucleotidases abundantly distributed in TME, both of which are reported to be induced by Tregs and overexpressed in response to the hypoxic tumoral environment to maintain adenosine production. Activated CD39/NT5E/A2AR signaling will restrain the activity of antitumor immune cells (B cells, T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells), but enhance the functions of the regulatory immune cells (Tregs and MDSCs), thus establishing a loop to preserve immunosuppression in TME.
Fig.2 CD73 (NT5E) and CD39 control the metabolic fate of ATP and adenosine in the extracellular environment.2
NT5E as A Therapeutic Target
High expression levels of NT5E are reported in many cancers and it has been proven to promote tumor immune evasion. Therefore, it is regarded as a prognostic biomarker and an immune checkpoint mediator for cancer immunotherapy. Utilizing NT5E-mediated immunosuppression as a target for therapeutics development has been considered as a promising direction during these years in many cancers, including breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma cancer, cervical cancer, glioblastoma, non-small cell lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, and pancreatic cancer. There has been an anti-NT5E human mAb, which was originally designed for pancreatic and colorectal cancer and now has been used in therapies against many other malignancies. Several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that directly block the nucleotidase activity of NT5E are also being extensively studied and evaluated as monotherapy or in combination with other mAbs in preclinical research and different stages of clinical trials.
Besides, considering the essential functions of the CD39/NT5E/A2AR axis, dozens of combinations of CD39/NT5E/A2AR inhibitors are under exploration in clinical trials, in which many anti-NT5E mAbs are being applied. It is observed that combining an anti-CD73 mAb with an anti-CD39 mAb inhibits the production of adenosine significantly, thus mitigating the inhibition of T cells in myeloma and stromal cells in vitro.
Creative Biolabs offers different anti-NT5E antibody products. These antibodies are recombinantly expressed and could be used for various purposes. Customization of NT5E-based neutralizing antibodies is also available for you here.
REFERENCES
- From Wikipedia: By Goultard59, CC BY-SA 4.0, without modification. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CD73_prot.png
- Xia, Chenglai, et al. "CD39/CD73/A2AR pathway and cancer immunotherapy." Molecular cancer 22.1 (2023): 44. Under open access license CC BY 4.0, without modification.
